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1.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 34(3)2021. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292264

ABSTRACT

A cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito é uma desordem hereditária caracterizada pela substituição fibrogordurosa do músculo cardíaco. O manejo clínico busca reduzir os riscos de morte súbita e melhorar a qualidade de vida, aliviando os sintomas arrítmicos e de insuficiência cardíaca. O ecocardiograma é o exame inicial para a investigação da cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito, podendo apresentar dilatação das câmaras direitas e disfunção sistólica do ventrículo direito. Este relato chama atenção por envolver o diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito em paciente atleta. Mulher, 47 anos, maratonista, sem história familiar de morte súbita cardíaca, deu entrada na emergência com palpitação associada à pré-síncope. O eletrocardiograma da admissão mostrava taquicardia ventricular. O ecocardiograma revelou aumento de câmaras cardíacas direitas e disfunção sistólica do ventrículo direito. O cateterismo cardíaco não evidenciou doença coronária obstrutiva. A paciente foi orientada acerca da necessidade de suspensão de atividades físicas, porém, 3 meses depois, foi readmitida com instabilidade hemodinâmica por nova taquicardia ventricular, tendo sido cardiovertida. Realizou ressonância cardíaca, que evidenciou áreas de discinesia e formação de microaneurismas em ventrículo direito. Foi diagnosticada com cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito, tendo sido com cardioversor desfibrilador implantável, amiodarona e betabloqueador. A diferenciação entre a cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito e o coração do atleta representa um desafio, devido à sobreposição de alterações estruturais que coexistem nessas entidades, daí a importância da análise integrada de fatores clínicos, eletrocardiográficos e morfofuncionais.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/genetics , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/mortality , Heart Failure , Genetic Diseases, Inborn , Electric Countershock/methods , Echocardiography/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods , Heart Transplantation/methods , Defibrillators, Implantable , Catheter Ablation/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Amiodarone/administration & dosage , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 33(6): 697-704, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1143111

ABSTRACT

Abstract Heart transplantation (HT) is an established treatment for patients with advanced heart failure (HF). Chagas disease (CD), caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi (T.cruzi) is an important cause of HF in Latin America. Considering CD is a chronic infectious disease, the use of immunosuppressive therapy after HT can reactivate T. cruzi infection and compromise outcomes. Early diagnosis and treatment of this complication is extremely important, which requires knowledge, experience, and a high degree of suspicion by transplant physicians. Furthermore, with the international immigration of people, CD is no longer exclusive to Latin America, since a large number of immigrants with T. cruzi infection are living in non-endemic countries. This phenomenon represents not only a new global epidemiological problem, but also a challenge for transplant teams. This review aims to discuss the peculiarities of HT in the context of CD, with a focus on reactivation of the infection, clinical manifestations, etiological treatment of T. cruzi and differential diagnosis with allograft rejection, among HT recipients.


Subject(s)
Chagas Cardiomyopathy/surgery , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Heart Transplantation/methods , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Latent Infection/prevention & control
3.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 36(2): e1115, abr.-jun. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1149898

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En la supervivencia del corazón trasplantado son de importancia el empleo de los anticuerpos contra el sistema principal de histocompatibilidad (anticuerpos anti-HLA). Hace seis años se introdujo en Cuba el porcentaje de anticuerpos anti-HLA frente a panel (PRA) por método de ensayo de inmunoabsorción ligado a enzima (ELISA) como parte de las pruebas de compatibilidad pretrasplante de los receptores de trasplante cardiaco. Objetivo: Caracterizar los anticuerpos anti-HLA en pacientes receptores cubanos de trasplante cardiaco. Métodos: Entre septiembre de 2013 y abril de 2017 se les realizó el PRA por ELISA a 38 muestras de pacientes recibidas en el laboratorio de histocompatibilidad del Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología. Se utilizó la comparación de proporciones para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: El 47,4 por ciento de los pacientes estudiados presentó anticuerpos anti-HLA, fueron los más frecuentes los de clase I. La proporción de pacientes con PRA del 0 por ciento fue mayor en PRA clase II que en I (p: 0,0027). Mientras que fue mayor la proporción de pacientes con PRA clase I entre el 20 y el 75 por ciento (p: 0,0046). El 77,8 por ciento de los pacientes tuvo un PRA clase I mayor al 10 por ciento y en el PRA clase II alcanzó el 80 por ciento. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de anticuerpos anti-HLA frente a panel por método de ensayo de inmunoabsorción ligado a enzima permitió una mejor caracterización de los anticuerpos anti-HLA, lo que contribuyó a mejorar la compatibilidad en este tipo de paciente(AU)


Introduction: In survival after heart transplantation, the use of antibodies against the main histocompatibility system (anti-HLA antibodies) is important. Six years ago, the percentage of anti-HLA antibodies against panel (PRA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was introduced in Cuba as part of the pre-transplant compatibility tests of heart transplant recipients. Objective: To characterize anti-HLA antibodies in Cuban heart transplant recipients. Methods: Between September 2013 and April 2017, PRA by ELISA was performed on 38 patient samples received in the histocompatibility laboratory of the Institute of Hematology and Immunology. Comparison of proportions was used for statistical analysis. Results: 47.4 percent of the study patients presented anti-HLA antibodies; those in class were the most frequent. The proportion of patients with PRA of 0 percent was higher in PRA class II than in class I (p=0.0027). The proportion of patients with PRA class I was greater, accounting for 20-75 percent (p=0.0046). 77.8 percent of the patients had a class I PRA greater than 10 percent, while in class II PRA it reached 80 percent. Conclusions: The percentage of anti-HLA antibodies versus a panel of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method allowed better characterization of anti-HLA antibodies, which contributed to improving compatibility in this type of patient(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Heart Transplantation/methods , Transplant Recipients , Antibodies/therapeutic use , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Survival Analysis , Cuba
4.
Horiz. enferm ; 31(3): 340-357, 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1224102

ABSTRACT

A lo largo de los últimos años la implantación de Dispositivos de Asistencia Ventricular (DAV) está tomando un papel más relevante en el tratamiento de la Insuficiencia Cardíaca (IC). El uso de los DAV también está cambiando hacia la Terapia Definitiva (TD), conformándose como alternativa clara al trasplante cardíaco. La implantación de un DAV, en ocasiones, requiere previamente tratamiento emergente con otros dispositivos de Asistencia Circulatoria Mecánica (ACM) como Circulación Extracorpórea con Membrana de Oxigenación (ECMO) o Asistencia Ventricular paracorpórea Izquierda o Derecha. Por tanto, es necesario el ingreso en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) especializadas en estas terapias hasta la estabilización del paciente y toma de la decisión correcta. Se expone un caso clínico reciente de una persona que requiere asistencia inicial con ECMO V-A emergente en el hospital de origen y su traslado al centro de referencia para posterior asistencia biventricular paracorpórea e implantación definitiva de un DAVI (Dispositivo de Asistencia Ventricular Izquierda). Se exponen la secuencia de decisiones, complicaciones y el plan de cuidados de enfermería inicial en UCI con taxonomía NANDA. Es el primer implante de un DAVI, realizado en nuestro hospital. En él ha intervenido un enorme equipo multidisciplinar.


Over the past few years, the Ventricular Assist Devices (VADs) implementation is taking a relevant role in the Heart Failure (HF) treatment. VADs ́s use is also shifting towards Definitive Therapy (TD), being a clear alternative to heart transplantation. The implantation of a VAD, sometimes, requires a previous emergent treatment with other Mechanical Circulatory Assistance (ACM) devices such as Extracorporeal Circulation with Oxygenation Membrane (ECMO) or Left or Right Paracorporeal Ventricular Assistance. So is necessary of a mobile team for emergency assistance with ECMO and transfer to Intensive Care Units (ICU) which is specialized in these therapies until the patient stabilizes and doctors takes the right decision. A recent clinical case of a patient is exposed. This person required assistance with emergent ECMO V-A (Venous-Arterial) in the hospital of origin and his transfer to the reference center for subsequent biventricular paracorporeal assistance and to the definitive implantation of LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device). The sequence of decisions, complications and the initial nursing care plan at ICU with NANDA taxonomy, are presented here. This is the first implant of a LVAD in our hospital. A huge multidisciplinary team has been involved in the project.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Assisted Circulation/methods , Heart-Assist Devices , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Intensive Care Units , Nursing Care , Patient Care Planning , Heart Transplantation/methods , Critical Care
6.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 33(3): 242-249, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958407

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Donor shortage and organ allocation is the main problem in pediatric heart transplant. Mechanical circulatory support is known to increase waiting list survival, but it is not routinely used in pediatric programs in Latin America. Methods: All patients listed for heart transplant and supported by a mechanical circulatory support between January 2012 and March 2016 were included in this retrospective single-center study. The endpoints were mechanical circulatory support time, complications, heart transplant survival and discharge from the hospital. Results: Twenty-nine patients from our waiting list were assessed. Twelve (45%) patients were initially supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and a centrifugal pump was implanted in 17 (55%) patients. Five patients initially supported by ECMO were bridged to another device. One was bridged to a centrifugal pump and four were bridged to Berlin Heart Excor®. Among the 29 supported patients, 18 (62%) managed to have a heart transplant. Thirty-day survival period after heart transplant was 56% (10 patients). Median support duration was 12 days (interquartile range [IQR] 4 - 26 days) per run and the waiting time for heart transplant was 9.5 days (IQR 2.5-25 days). Acute kidney injury was identified as a mortality predictor (OR=22.6 [CI=1.04-494.6]; P=0.04). Conclusion: Mechanical circulatory support was able to bridge most INTERMACS 1 and 2 pediatric patients to transplant with an acceptable complication rate. Acute renal failure increased mortality after mechanical circulatory support in our experience.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods , Heart-Assist Devices , Heart Transplantation/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Time Factors , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/mortality , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Waiting Lists , Heart Transplantation/mortality , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality
7.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(3): 421-428, jun. 2018. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-950019

ABSTRACT

La miocardiopatía dilatada es la principal causa de insuficiencia cardíaca que lleva a trasplante cardíaco. Su pronóstico es variable y depende de la etiología, la edad de presentación y el grado de insuficiencia cardíaca. El manejo está orientado a minimizar los síntomas y evitar la progresión de la enfermedad; se requiere de una evaluación integral en la pesquisa de comorbilidades y prevención de complicaciones que permitan mejorar la condición general de estos niños y atenuar su pronóstico. A continuación, se realiza una revisión orientada al manejo multidisciplinario que el pediatra debería considerar a la hora de enfrentarse a este tipo de pacientes.


Dilated cardiomyopathy is the main cause of heart failure leading to heart transplant. Its prognosis is variable and depends on the etiology, the patient's age at onset, and the severity. The management of dilated cardiomyopathy is aimed at minimizing symptoms and preventing disease progression; it requires a comprehensive screening for comorbidities and the prevention of complications to improve the overall status of these children and mitigate their prognosis. Here we present a review oriented at the multidisciplinary management that pediatricians should consider when seeing these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/complications , Heart Failure/etiology , Prognosis , Severity of Illness Index , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/therapy , Mass Screening/methods , Heart Transplantation/methods , Age of Onset , Disease Progression , Pediatricians , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Failure/therapy
8.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 31(1): 13-16, jan.-mar. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-905674

ABSTRACT

Relatamos o caso de paciente portadora de anomalia de Ebstein, submetida a transplante cardíaco heterotópico após insucesso na correção cirúrgica. Apesar da melhora clínica inicial, a paciente permanecia dispneica em decorrência de dissincronia sistólica entre os corações gerada por flutter atrial do coração nativo. Após a cardioversão desse flutter, o eletrocardiograma já apresentava espontaneamente o sincronismo sistólico entre ambos os corações. Houve significativa melhora tanto clínica como ecocardiográfica do coração nativo. A redução da frequência cardíaca do coração nativo após reversão do flutter colaborou para a melhora de seu desempenho hemodinâmico, caracterizando ser essa disfunção secundária à taquicardia.


We report the case of a patient with Ebstein Anomaly, submitted to heterotopic cardiac transplantation after a failed surgical correction. Despite the initial clinical improvement, the patient remained dyspneic due to systolic dyssynchronism between the hearts, generated by atrial flutter of the native heart. After flutter cardioversion, the electrocardiogram already presented systolic synchronism between both hearts. There was a significant clinical and echocardiographic improvement of the native heart. The heart rate reduction of the native heart after flutter reversal led to hemodynamic improvements, characterizing it as being secondary to tachycardia


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Heart , Heart Defects, Congenital , Heart Rate , Heart Transplantation/methods , Atrial Flutter/diagnosis , Ebstein Anomaly , Echocardiography/methods , Electric Countershock/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Heart Failure , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
9.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 16(3): eRB4538, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-953182

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death worldwide. The heart has limited capacity of regeneration, therefore, transplantation is the only solution in some cases despite presenting many disadvantages. Tissue engineering has been considered the ideal strategy for regenerative medicine in cardiology. It is an interdisciplinary field combining many techniques that aim to maintain, regenerate or replace a tissue or organ. The main approach of cardiac tissue engineering is to create cardiac grafts, either whole heart substitutes or tissues that can be efficiently implanted in the organism, regenerating the tissue and giving rise to a fully functional heart, without causing side effects, such as immunogenicity. In this review, we systematically present and compare the techniques that have drawn the most attention in this field and that generally have focused on four important issues: the scaffold material selection, the scaffold material production, cellular selection and in vitro cell culture. Many studies used several techniques that are herein presented, including biopolymers, decellularization and bioreactors, and made significant advances, either seeking a graft or an entire bioartificial heart. However, much work remains to better understand and improve existing techniques, to develop robust, efficient and efficacious methods.


RESUMO Doenças cardiovasculares são responsáveis pelo maior número de mortes no mundo. O coração possui capacidade de regeneração limitada, e o transplante, por consequência, representa a única solução em alguns casos, apresentando várias desvantagens. A engenharia de tecidos tem sido considerada a estratégia ideal para a medicina cardíaca regenerativa. Trata-se de uma área interdisciplinar, que combina muitas técnicas as quais buscam manter, regenerar ou substituir um tecido ou órgão. A abordagem principal da engenharia de tecidos cardíacos é criar enxertos cardíacos, sejam substitutos do coração inteiro ou de tecidos que podem ser implantados de forma eficiente no organismo, regenerando o tecido e dando origem a um coração completamente funcional, sem desencadear efeitos colaterais, como imunogenicidade. Nesta revisão, apresentase e compara-se sistematicamente as técnicas que ganharam mais atenção nesta área e que geralmente focam em quatro assuntos importantes: seleção do material a ser utilizado como enxerto, produção do material, seleção das células e cultura de células in vitro. Muitos estudos, fazendo uso de várias das técnicas aqui apresentadas, incluindo biopolímeros, descelularização e biorreatores, têm apresentado avanços significativos, seja para obter um enxerto ou um coração bioartifical inteiro. No entanto, ainda resta um grande esforço para entender e melhorar as técnicas existentes, para desenvolver métodos robustos, eficientes e eficazes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Transplantation/methods , Tissue Engineering/methods , Myocardium/cytology , Biopolymers , Heart Transplantation/trends , Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Bioreactors , Tissue Engineering/trends , Tissue Scaffolds
10.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 105(3): 292-300, Sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761509

ABSTRACT

AbstractBackground:Right ventricular (RV) afterload is an important risk factor for post-heart transplantation (HTx) mortality, and it results from the interaction between pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary compliance (CPA). Their product, the RC time, is believed to be constant. An exception is observed in pulmonary hypertension because of elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressures.Objective:Using HTx as a model for chronic lowering of LV filling pressures, our aim was to assess the variations in RV afterload components after transplantation.Methods:We retrospectively studied 159 patients with right heart catheterization before and after HTx. The effect of Htx on hemodynamic variables was assessed.Results:Most of the patients were male (76%), and the mean age was 53 ± 12 years. HTx had a significant effect on the hemodynamics, with normalization of the LV and RV filling pressures and a significant increase in cardiac output and heart rate (HR). The PVR decreased by 56% and CPA increased by 86%. The RC time did not change significantly, instead of increasing secondary to pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) normalization after HTx as expected. The expected increase in RC time with PWP lowering was offset by the increase in HR (because of autonomic denervation of the heart). This effect was independent from the decrease of PWP.Conclusion:The RC time remained unchanged after HTx, notwithstanding the fact that pulmonary capillary wedge pressure significantly decreased. An increased HR may have an important effect on RC time and RV afterload. Studying these interactions may be of value to the assessment of HTx candidates and explaining early RV failure after HTx.


ResumoFundamento:A pós-carga do ventrículo direito (VD) é um fator de risco importante para avaliar a mortalidade decorrente de transplante cardíaco (HTx) e resulta da interação entre a resistência vascular pulmonar (RVP) e a complacência pulmonar (CPA). Acredita-se que o produto da interação, o RC-time, seja constante. Entretanto, é exceção a hipertensão pulmonar devido às elevadas pressões de preenchimento do ventrículo esquerdo (VE).Objetivos:Ao utilizar o HTx como modelo para redução crônica das pressões de preenchimento do VE, nosso objetivo foi avaliar as variações nos componentes pós-carga do VD após o transplante.Métodos:Foram estudados, retrospectivamente, 159 pacientes com cateterismo cardíaco direito realizado antes e após o HTx. O impacto do HTx nas variáveis hemodinâmicas foi avaliado.Resultados:A maioria dos pacientes foi do sexo masculino (76%) e a média de idade foi 53 ± 12 anos. O HTx teve um efeito significativo na hemodinâmica, com normalização do VE e das pressões de preenchimento de VD e no aumento significativo do débito cardíaco e da freqüência cardíaca (FC). A RVP diminuiu 56% e a CPA aumentou 86%. Em vez de aumentar como era esperado, o RC-time não alterou significativamente e teve papel secundário em relação à normalização da pressão capilar pulmonar (PECP) após o HTx. O aumento esperado no RC timecom PWP reduzido foi atenuado pelo aumento da FC (devido à denervação autonômica do coração). Esse efeito ocorreu independentemente da diminuição da PCPConclusões:O RC-time permaneceu inalterado após HTx, entretanto a PECP diminuiu significativamente. O aumento da FC pode ter impacto importante no RC-time e na pós-carga do VD. O estudo dessas interações pode ser de grande valor para avaliar os candidatos HTx e explicar a falência do VD ocorrida logo após o HTx.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Capillary Resistance/physiology , Heart Transplantation/methods , Lung Compliance/physiology , Pulmonary Wedge Pressure/physiology , Ventricular Function/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Heart Rate/physiology , Postoperative Period , Reference Values , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors
11.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 25(3): 160-163, jul.-set. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-788858

ABSTRACT

O transplante cardíaco em crianças tem sido opção nas cardiopatias congênitas complexas e nas cardiomiopatias refratárias a terapêutica convencional. A investigação diagnóstica da etiologia das cardiopatias tem avançado na última década como, por exemplo, a sequência de exons. A assistência circulatória tem sido utilizada como ponte para transplante e no tratamento de rejeições agudas e crônicas. Do ponto de vista imunológico, a prova cruzada virtual no momento do transplante principalmente para os pacientes sensibilizados tem sido útil e fundamental. Novas drogas imunossupressoras como tacrolimo, sirolimo e rituximabe apresentam-se como promissoras na prevenção e tratamento da rejeição. O transplante com sitema ABO incompativel é uma possibilidade para recém-nascidos pela escassez de doadores.


Heart transplant in children has been an option in complex congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathies that do not respond to conventional treatment. The diagnostic investigatio nof the etiology of heart disease has advanced in the last decade, an example of this being exon sequencing. Circulatory support has been used as a bridge to transplantation, and in the treatment of acute and chronic rejections. From an immunological point of view,the virtual crossmatch test at the time of transplant, particularly for sensitized patients, has been useful and essential. New immunosuppressant drugs such as tacrolimus, sirolimusand rituximab have shown promise in the prevention and treatment of rejection. ABO--incompatible transplantation is a possibility for newborn infants, due to the lack of donos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/therapy , Child , Heart Transplantation/methods , Heart Transplantation/trends , Cardiomyopathies/complications , Cardiomyopathies/therapy , Cyclosporine/administration & dosage , Risk Factors , Prognosis
12.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(2): 310-318, Apr-Jun/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-751427

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Heart transplantation is currently the definitive gold standard surgical approach in the treatment of refractory heart failure. However, the shortage of donors limits the achievement of a greater number of heart transplants, in which the use of mechanical circulatory support devices is increasing. With well-established indications and contraindications, as well as diagnosis and treatment of rejection through defined protocols of immunosuppression, the outcomes of heart transplantation are very favorable. Among early complications that can impact survival are primary graft failure, right ventricular dysfunction, rejection, and infections, whereas late complications include cardiac allograft vasculopathy and neoplasms. Despite the difficulties for heart transplantation, in particular, the shortage of donors and high mortality while on the waiting list, in Brazil, there is a great potential for both increasing effective donors and using circulatory assist devices, which can positively impact the number and outcomes of heart transplants.


RESUMO O transplante cardíaco é atualmente a abordagem cirúrgica definitiva padrão-ouro no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca refratária. No entanto, a escassez de doadores limita a realização de um número maior de transplantes cardíacos, situação em que vem aumentando a utilização de dispositivos de assistência circulatória mecânica. Com indicações e contraindicações bem estabelecidas, além de diagnóstico e tratamento de rejeição, por meio de protocolos definidos de imunossupressão, os resultados do transplante cardíaco são muito favoráveis. Dentre as complicações precoces que podem impactar a sobrevida, destacamos a disfunção primária do enxerto, a disfunção do ventrículo direito, rejeição e infecções; já as complicações tardias incluem a doença vascular do enxerto e as neoplasias. Apesar das dificuldades para realização do transplante cardíaco, em especial pela escassez de doadores e pela elevada mortalidade em fila de espera, no Brasil, existe um grande potencial, tanto no aumento de doadores efetivos, quanto na utilização de dispositivos de assistência circulatória, o que pode vir a impactar positivamente no número e nos resultados do transplante cardíaco.


Subject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Complications , Opportunistic Infections/complications , Heart Transplantation , Primary Graft Dysfunction/complications , Graft Rejection/complications , Heart Failure/surgery , Tissue Donors/supply & distribution , Brazil , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/surgery , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Heart-Assist Devices , Heart Transplantation/methods , Heart Transplantation/trends , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Graft Rejection/classification , Graft Rejection/physiopathology , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/chemically induced
13.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 104(1): 78-84, 01/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741129

ABSTRACT

Background: Heart transplantation is considered the gold standard therapy for the advanced heart failure, but donor shortage, especially in pediatric patients, is the main limitation for this procedure, so most sick patients die while waiting for the procedure. Objective: To evaluate the use of short-term circulatory support as a bridge to transplantation in end-stage cardiomyopathy. Methods: Retrospective clinical study. Between January 2011 and December 2013, 40 patients with cardiomyopathy were admitted in our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, with a mean age of 4.5 years. Twenty patients evolved during hospitalization with clinical deterioration and were classified as Intermacs 1 and 2. One patient died within 24 hours and 19 could be stabilized and were listed. They were divided into 2 groups: A, clinical support alone and B, implantation of short-term circulatory support as bridge to transplantation additionally to clinical therapy. Results: We used short-term mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to transplantation in 9. In group A (n=10), eight died waiting and 2 patients (20%) were transplanted, but none was discharged. In group B (n=9), 6 patients (66.7%) were transplanted and three were discharged.The mean support time was 21,8 days (6 to 984h). The mean transplant waiting list time was 33,8 days. Renal failure and sepsis were the main complication and causeof death in group A while neurologic complications were more prevalent en group B. Conclusion: Mechanical circulatory support increases survival on the pediatric heart transplantation waiting list in patients classified as Intermacs 1 and 2. .


Introdução: O transplante cardíaco é o tratamento de escolha na insuficiência cardíaca terminal, porém a escassez de doadores limita o seu emprego, especialmente na população pediátrica. O implante de dispositivos de assistência circulatória mecânica (ACM) pode aumentar o tempo de espera e contribuir na redução da mortalidade. Objetivo: Estudar a evolução dos pacientes pediátricos com diagnóstico de miocardiopatia, com indicação de transplante e que evoluíram em Intermacs1 ou 2, comparando a utilização ou não de algum tipo de ACM de curta duração. Método: No período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2013, 40 pacientes com idade média de 4,5 anos foram admitidos com diagnóstico de miocardiopatia dilatada. Desses pacientes, 20 evoluíram em Intermacs 1 ou 2. Um faleceu em menos de 24 horas e 19 foram listados para transplante. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: A, pacientes manejados clinicamente em espera para o transplante; B, pacientes que utilizaram algum tipo de ACM de curta duração durante o tempo de espera em lista. Resultados: No grupo A (n=10), oito pacientes evoluíram para óbito aguardando o transplante e dois pacientes (20%) foram transplantados, sendo que nenhum recebeu alta hospitalar. No grupo B (n = 9), seis pacientes (66,7%; p = 0,04) foram transplantados e três receberam alta hospitalar (p = 0,049). As principais complicações foram insuficiência renal e sepse, no grupo A, e complicações neurológicas no grupo B. Conclusão: O emprego de ACM de curta duração aumentou a sobrevida dos pacientes priorizados e em fila de espera de transplante cardíaco pediátrico. .


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Cardiomyopathies/surgery , Heart-Assist Devices , Heart Transplantation/methods , Cardiomyopathies/mortality , Hemodynamics , Hospitalization , Heart Transplantation/mortality , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 103(6,supl.2): 1-126, 12/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-732161
15.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 29(3): 322-329, Jul-Sep/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-727152

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cardiac transplantation remains the gold standard for end-stage cardiomyopathies and congenital heart defects in pediatric patients. Objective: This study aims to report on 20 years of experience since the first case and evaluate our results. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the database and outpatient follow-up. Between October 1992 and April 2012, 109 patients underwent 114 transplants. 51.8% of them being female. The age of patients ranged from 12 days to 21 years with a mean of 8.8±5.7 years and a median of 5.2 years. The underlying diagnosis was dilated cardiomyopathy in 61.5%, congenital heart disease in 26.6% and restrictive cardiomyopathy in 11.9%. All patients above 17 years old had congenital heart disease. Results: Survival rate at 30 days, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years were 90.4%, 81.3%, 70.9%, 60.5%, 44.4% and 26.7%, respectively. Mean cold ischemic time was 187.9 minutes and it did not correlate with mortality (P>0.05). Infectious complications and rejection episodes were the most common complications (P<0.0001), occurring, respectively, in 66% and 57.4% of the survivors after 10 years. There was no incidence of graft vascular disease and lymphoproliferative disease at year one, but they affected, respectively, 7.4% and 11% of patients within 10 years. Conclusion: Twenty-year pediatric heart transplant results at our institution were quite satisfactory and complication rates were acceptable. .


Introdução: O transplante cardíaco tem sido o tratamento de escolha para pacientes pediátricos portadores de miocardiopatias e portadores de cardiopatias congênitas em fase final da doença. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de 20 anos do serviço e avaliar seus resultados. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo por meio de análise do banco de dados. Entre outubro de 1992 e abril de 2012, 109 pacientes foram submetidos a 114 transplantes. 51,8% eram do sexo feminino. A idade dos pacientes variou de 12 dias a 21 anos, com média de 8,8±5,7 anos e mediana de 5,2 anos. O diagnóstico de base dos pacientes foi de miocardiopatia dilatada em 61,5%, cardiopatias congênitas em 26,6% e miocardiopatia restritiva em 11,9%. Todos os pacientes entre 17 e 21 anos eram portadores de cardiopatias congênitas. Resultados: A sobrevida em 30 dias, 1, 5, 10, 15 e 20 anos foi de 90,4%, 81,3%, 70,9%, 60,5%, 44,4 e 26,7%, respectivamente. O tempo médio de isquemia do órgão transplantado foi de 187,9 minutos e não teve correlação com a mortalidade (P>0,05). Intercorrências infecciosas e rejeição foram as complicações mais incidentes (P<0,0001), atingindo 66 e 57,4% dos sobreviventes após 10 anos. A incidência de doença vascular do enxerto e doença linfoproliferativa foi zero no primeiro ano e atingiu, respectivamente, 7,4 e 11% dos pacientes em 10 anos. Conclusão: O Transplante Cardíaco neste grupo de pacientes pediátricos e portadores de cardiopatias congênitas pôde oferecer resultados satisfatórios, com uma taxa de complicações aceitável ao longo do seguimento. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Young Adult , Cardiomyopathies/surgery , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Brazil , Cause of Death , Graft Rejection , Heart Transplantation/methods , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data
16.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 29(3): 379-387, Jul-Sep/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-727168

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate immediate and long-term results of cardiac transplantation at two different levels of urgency. Methods: From November 2003 to December 2012, 228 patients underwent cardiac transplantation. Children and patients in cardiogenic shock were excluded from the study. From the final group (n=212), 58 patients (27%) were hospitalized under inotropic support (Group A), while 154 (73%) were awaiting transplantation at home (Group B). Patients in Group A were younger (52.0±11.3 vs. 55.2±10.4 years, P=0.050) and had shorter waiting times (29.4±43.8 vs. 48.8±45.2 days; P=0.006). No difference was found for sex or other comorbidities. Haemoglobin was lower and creatinine higher in Group A. The characteristics of the donors were similar. Follow-up was 4.5±2.7 years. Results: No differences were found in time of ischemia (89.1±37.0 vs. 91.5±34.5 min, P=0.660) or inotropic support (13.8% vs. 11.0%, P=0.579), neither in the incidence of cellular or humoral rejection and of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. De novo diabetes de novo in the first year was slightly higher in Group A (15.5% vs. 11.7%, P=0.456), and these patients were at increased risk of serious infection (22.4% vs. 12.3%, P=0.068). Hospital mortality was similar (3.4% vs. 4.5%, P=0.724), as well as long-term survival (7.8±0.5 vs. 7.4±0.3 years). Conclusions: The results obtained in patients hospitalized under inotropic support were similar to those of patients awaiting transplantation at home. Allocation of donors to the first group does not seem to compromise the benefit of transplantation. These results may not be extensible to more critical patients. .


Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados imediatos e de longo prazo do transplante cardíaco em dois níveis diferentes de urgência. Métodos: De novembro de 2003 a dezembro de 2012, 228 pacientes foram submetidos a transplante cardíaco. Crianças e os pacientes em choque cardiogênico foram excluídos do estudo. Do grupo final (n=212), 58 pacientes (27%) estavam hospitalizados e em suporte inotrópico (Grupo A), enquanto 154 (73%) aguardavam transplante em casa (Grupo B). Os pacientes do Grupo A eram mais jovens (52,0±11,3 vs. 55,2±10,4 anos, P=0,050) e tinham menor tempo de espera (29,4±43,8 vs. 48,8±45,2 dias, P=0,006). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os sexos ou outras comorbidades. Níveis de hemoglobina foram menores e de creatinina superiores no Grupo A. As características dos doadores foram semelhantes. O acompanhamento foi de 4,5±2,7 anos. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças no tempo de isquemia (89,1 ± 37,0 vs. 91,5 ± 34,5 min, P=0,660) ou no suporte inotrópico (13,8% vs. 11,0%, P=0,579), nem na incidência de rejeição celular ou humoral e de vasculopatia do enxerto. Incidência de diabetes de novo no início do primeiro ano foi um pouco maior no Grupo A (15,5% vs. 11,7%, P=0,456), e esses pacientes apresentaram maior risco de infecção grave (22,4% vs. 12,3%, P=0,068). A mortalidade hospitalar foi semelhante (3,4% vs. 4,5%, P=0,724), bem como a sobrevida a longo prazo (7,8±0,5 vs. 7,4±0,3 anos). Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos em pacientes hospitalizados em suporte inotrópico foram semelhantes aos de pacientes que aguardam o transplante em casa. Alocação de doadores para o primeiro grupo não parece comprometer o benefício do transplante. Esses resultados podem não ser estendidos aos pacientes mais críticos. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Heart Transplantation/methods , Patient Selection , Transplant Recipients , Cause of Death , Donor Selection , Emergencies , Hospital Mortality , Heart Transplantation/mortality , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Tissue Donors , Treatment Outcome , Transplant Recipients/statistics & numerical data , Waiting Lists/mortality
17.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(4): 521-525, abr. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716225

ABSTRACT

Implantable ventricular assist devices are an effective treatment option for end-stage heart failure patients as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, to improve the clinical condition and organ function allowing discharge from the hospital to await for transplantation. The second alternative is to use the device as destination therapy for patients with contraindications for cardiac transplantation, in whom it is maintained indefinitely. We report a 43-year-old patient, with a dilated cardiomyopathy, severe left ventricular dysfunction and advanced heart failure. A ventricular assist device Heart Mate II©, as a bridge to transplantation, was implanted to the patient in the United States. It was explanted for the first time in Chile at the National Thorax Institute. Heart transplantation was performed using the bicaval technique. Induction of immunosuppression was done with basiliximab. Generic immunosuppression was carried out with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone. Postoperatively the patient evolved with right femoral vein thrombosis in the femoral cannulation site, phlegmasia alba dolens, rhabdomyolysis, oliguric acute renal failure, which required renal replacement therapy, severe shock, with high requirements of vasoactive drugs and need for mechanical ventilation. He required a reoperation for hemothorax and had an Enterobacter pneumonia. After a period of serious illness, he began a gradual recovery and was discharged from the hospital after 58 days. After two years, he remains in functional class I, with a normal graft function.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Heart Failure/surgery , Heart Transplantation/instrumentation , Heart-Assist Devices , Heart Transplantation/methods , Treatment Outcome
18.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 27(3): 347-354, jul.-set. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660804

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Uma grande variedade de técnicas e soluções é utilizada na preservação do coração durante o transplante, o que demonstra a falta de método ideal na prática clínica. A administração da cardioplegia de forma retrógrada propicia perfusão contínua, o que pode conferir melhor recuperação inicial do coração transplantado. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a experiência de um único centro onde todos os pacientes receberam a mesma solução de conservação de órgão e foram submetidos a microcardioplegia sanguínea retrógrada contínua durante o implante do enxerto e avaliar fatores de mortalidade precoce e tardia com a utilização desta técnica. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo retrospectivo, observacional e descritivo, realizado em um único centro. RESULTADOS: No período do estudo, foram realizados 35 transplantes cardíacos, sendo que 15 (42,9%) pacientes encontravam-se em choque cardiogênico. A probabilidade de sobrevida foi 74,8±7,8%, 60,4±11,3% e 15,1±13,4% ao final de 1 ano, 5 anos e 10 anos de seguimento, respectivamente. O tempo médio de sobrevida foi de 96,6 meses. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização da solução cardioplégica para proteção de órgãos e a estratégia de iniciar a perfusão com microcardioplegia sanguínea retrógrada contínua forneceu proteção adequada.


BACKGROUND: Several techniques and cardioplegic solutions have been used for heart preservation during transplant procedures. Unfortunately, there is a lack of ideal method for myocardial preservation in the clinical practice. The use of retrograde cardioplegia provides continuous infusion of cardioplegic solution during the graft implantation. This strategy may provide better initial recovery of the graft. The objective of this study is to describe the experience of a single center where all patients received the same solution for organ preservation and were subjected to continuous retrograde blood microcardioplegia during implantation of the graft and to evaluate factors associated to early and late mortality with this technique. METHODS: This is a retrospective, observational and descriptive study of a single center. RESULTS: During the study period were performed 35 heart transplants. Fifteen (42.9%) patients were in cardiogenic shock. The probability of survival was 74.8±7.8%, 60.4±11.3% and 15.1±13.4% at 1 year, 5 years and 10 years of follow-up, respectively. The median survival time was 96.6 months. CONCLUSION: The use of myocardial protection with retrograde cardioplegic solution may reduce the risks associated morbidity due to cold ischemia time during the heart transplant, and we suggest that this benefit may be even greater in cases of cold ischemia time longer ensuring protection to the myocardium.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardioplegic Solutions , Heart , Heart Arrest, Induced/methods , Heart Transplantation/mortality , Organ Preservation/methods , Brazil , Epidemiologic Methods , Heart Transplantation/methods , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
19.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 27(3): 273-285, ago. 2012. ilus, mapas, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-723528

ABSTRACT

El trasplante cardíaco es el tratamiento de elección para la insuficiencia cardíaca cuando no existe otra alternativa terapéutica que prolongue la expectativa de vida. En el año 1996 se inicia en Uruguay el Programa de Insuficiencia Cardíaca y Trasplante del Instituto de Cardiología Infantil, al realizar el primer trasplante cardíaco en un niño de 14 años. Tres años después se inicia el programa de trasplante cardíaco en adultos. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar la experiencia de trabajo en esta área. Efectuamos un análisis descriptivo de los trasplantes cardíacos realizados en 15 años, en lo que se refiere a distribución etaria, indicaciones, protocolo inmunosupresor, técnica quirúrgica, complicaciones a corto, mediano y largo plazo,y curva actuarial de sobrevida. Resultados: se realizaron 76 trasplantes cardíacos: 23 en niños y 53 en adultos. Referente a la etiología que motivó el trasplante: en niños menores de 1 año, 100% correspondió a cardiopatías congénitas; entre 1 y 10 años, 50% correspondió a miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática, 40% a cardiopatías congénitas y 10% a tumores; entre 11 a 17 años, 50% a cardiopatías congénitas y otro 50% a miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática. En adultos, 51% correspondió a miocardiopatía dilatada idiopática y 37% a miocardiopatía isquémica; el resto a etiología valvular y cardiopatías congénitas. Las complicaciones fueron: rechazo celular en 25%, infección bacteriana en 30%, un caso de tuberculosis peritoneal (1,3%) y tres casos (3,9%) de reactivación de citomegalovirus. Dos casos (2,6%) con complicación tumoral y en otros dos casos enfermedad vascular del injerto, en estos últimos se efectuó el retrasplante a los siete y cinco años, respectivamente, con buena evolución posterior. La sobrevida según curva actuarial a los diez años es de 70% para los adultos y de 45% paralos niños.


The cardiac transplant is the treatment of choice for the cardiac insufficiency when there is not another therapeutic alternative that prolongs the life expectancy. On December 1996 we begin the program of Cardiac Insufficiency and Transplants of the Institute of Pediatric Cardiology, achieving the first cardiac transplant in a 14-year-old child in Uruguay. Three years later we put in practice the program of cardiac transplant in adults. The objective is to show our experience in the area of cardiac transplantation. We carry out a descriptive analysis of the cardiac transplants done in 15 years, concerning age distribution, indications, immunosuppressant protocol, surgical technique, complications to short, medium and long term and actuarial survival curve.Results: 76 cardiac transplants were done: 23 in children and 53 in adults. Regarding the etiology that led to the transplant: in children under 1 year, 100% were congenital heart disease, between 1 and 10 years, 50% were idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, 40% to 10% congenital heart disease and tumors; 11 to 17 years 50% to congenital heart disease and 50% to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. In adults, 51% were idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic cardiomyopathy 37%, the rest for valvular and congenital heart disease etiology. Complications included cellular rejection in 25%, bacterial infection in 30%, a case of peritoneal tuberculosis (13%) and three cases of reactivation of cytomegalovirus (3,9%) Two cases of tumor involvement (26%). Two cases with graft vascular disease, who received a retransplant at seven and five years after transplantation, with good performance later. The actuarial survival curve according to the ten years is 70% for adults and 45% for children.Conclusion: cardiac transplantation remains a valid therapeutic alternative in patients with terminal heart failure.


Subject(s)
Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Middle Aged , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Heart Failure/surgery , Heart Failure/complications , Heart Transplantation/statistics & numerical data , Heart Transplantation/methods , Risk Factors , Graft Rejection , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Uruguay/epidemiology
20.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 27(2): 327-330, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-649611

ABSTRACT

Este artigo relata um caso de retransplante cardíaco sem o uso de hemoderivados, em uma criança de 6 anos, com miocardiopatia dilatada grave, após rejeição crônica do enxerto e refratária ao tratamento clínico. Para evitar transfusão sanguínea nessa cirurgia, foi realizado planejamento multidisciplinar, que envolveu o uso de eritropoietina no pré-operatório, hemodiluição normovolêmica aguda e recuperação de sangue autólogo no intraoperatório (cell saver), bem como hemostasia meticulosa e redução de flebotomias no pós-operatório.


This article reports a case of a cardiac retransplantation without the use of blood products, in a 6 year old, with severe dilated cardiomyopathy after chronic graft rejection and refractory to clinical treatment. To avoid a blood transfusion in this surgery a multidisciplinary approach was planned, which involved the use of preoperative erythropoietin, acute normovolemic hemodilution and intraoperative cell savage with autologous blood recovery system, as well as a meticulous hemostasis and reduced postoperative phlebotomy.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Heart Transplantation/methods , Blood Transfusion, Autologous/methods , Graft Rejection/surgery , Heart Failure/surgery , Hemoglobins/analysis , Reoperation/methods , Treatment Outcome
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